Between Body Mass Index Values Research Articles

Relationship of body mass index and perceived stress in medical undergraduates

Background: Young adults are prone to stress due to various life events. Managing these stressors can be difficult for them making them, cope with these through behavioral changes, the most common being unhealthy and irregular eating habits and a lack of physical activities. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to find the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and perceived stress among young adults. Any gender differences are also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Out of the 300 1st year medical students enrolled, height and weight for BMI and perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10) scores were obtained for 228 participants as a one-time reading for every participant. Then, the relationship between these values of BMI and PSS was evaluated. Results: Out of the analyzed participants, 46.1% were in the normal BMI category, with 15.8% being underweight. Out of the 38.1% of participants with an above-normal BMI, 2/3rd were found to be obese. Moderate stress was seen in 75% of participants. We found a weak negative correlation between BMI and stress (significant at 0.05). Conclusion: The majority of the youth experience stress at moderate level, which is concerning for society as they indulge in stress eating to cope but end up being obese and more prone to metabolic diseases, thus entering a vicious cycle of obesity, disease, and stress. Hence, activities such as exercise, meditation, and others must be included in daily life to balance physical and mental health.

Association of body mass index with blood pressure among adolescent schoolchildren in South India: A population-based analytical cross-sectional study

Background: Obesity turned out to be an important health issue and has become an epidemic in adolescent schoolchildren in recent days. Obesity is independently associated with late-onset diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular diseases. Diagnosing overweight and obesity and their relation with blood pressure (BP) among adolescent schoolchildren will help in the primary prevention of such chronic diseases. Aims and Objectives: The study with the primary aim is to find the association between body mass index (BMI) one of the most used indices of obesity and BP in adolescent schoolchildren belonging to three different areas (urban, semi-urban, and rural areas) of the same city and also tried to compare these three groups with their BMI and BP. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was part of a school health program involving healthy adolescent schoolchildren. A total of 2494 adolescent schoolchildren in the age group of 13–17 years were examined for BMI and BP along with other health parameters and systemic examinations. The data obtained were analyzed statistically to arrive at a correlation between BMI and BP. Results: The mean BMI value in all age groups showed a gradual increase with age and girls override boys. Children from urban schools had higher BMI than the other two groups. The mean systolic BP and diastolic BP (DBP) also showed higher in children from urban and semi-urban areas than in rural areas. The systolic and DBP showed a positive correlation with BMI (<0.01). Conclusion: Our study showed a positive and significant correlation between BMI and both systolic and DBP individually (P < 0.01). Hence, health education to be recommended from childhood to prevent overweight, obesity, and thereby hypertension at a primordial level.

A J-shaped relationship between body mass index and the risk of elevated liver stiffness: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundLiver stiffness (LS) is regarded as an indicator of the stages of liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and LS; however, the conclusions remain controversial. In the current study, we utilized transient elastography (TE) technique, which could measure LS in a non-painful and noninvasive way, to explore the relationship between BMI and the risk of elevated LS in common community residents.Methods5791 participants were included in the present study. To calculate BMI value, height and weight of the participants were carefully measured. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) > 9.1 kPa was considered as a cutoff suggesting elevated LS. The relationship of BMI and risk of elevated LS was derived using generalized linear regression models, and the threshold effect was then analyzed by smooth curve fitting and segmented regression model.ResultsElevated LS was detected in 230 participants (3.97%) using the TE technique. After potential confounders were adjusted according to the individual’s demographic variables, underlying comorbidities and blood biochemical test results, we observed a J-shaped relationship between BMI and the risk of elevated LS, with the inflection point at 23.05 kg/m2. The effect size (and confidence interval) was 0.84 (0.71, 0.98) on the left side of the inflection point, and 1.32 (1.24, 1.41) on the right side of it.ConclusionsOur study found a novel J-shaped relationship between BMI and the risk of elevated LS assessed by TE technique. Abnormal BMI, either higher or lower, was associated with an increased risk of elevated LS.

Impact of body mass index and its change on survival outcomes in patients with early breast cancer: A pooled analysis of individual-level data from BCIRG-001 and BCIRG-005 trials.

The relationships between body mass index (BMI) and survival rates are complex, and have not been thoroughly investigated in breast cancer patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. We collected data on 2394 patients from two randomized, phase III clinical trials that investigated adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer identified in Project Data Sphere. The objective was to examine the effect of baseline BMI, BMI after adjuvant chemotherapy, and BMI change from baseline to post-adjuvant chemotherapy on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Restricted cubic splines were used to examine potential non-linear associations between continuous BMI value and survival. Stratified analyses involved chemotherapy regimens. Severe obesity (BMI≥40.0kg/m2) at baseline was independently associated with worse DFS (hazard ration [HR]=1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-2.16, P=0.04) and OS (HR=1.79, 95%CI 1.17-2.74, P=0.007) compared with underweight/normal weight (BMI≤24.9kg/m2). A BMI loss >10% was also an independent prognostic factor for adverse OS (HR=2.14, 95%CI 1.17-3.93, P=0.014). Stratified analyses revealed that severe obesity adversely affected DFS (HR=2.38, 95%CI 1.26-4.34, P=0.007) and OS (HR=2.90, 95%CI 1.46-5.76, P=0.002) in the docetaxel-based group, but not in the non-docetaxel-based group. Restricted cubic splines revealed a "J-shaped" association of baseline BMI with risk of recurrence or all-cause death, and this relationship was more pronounced in the docetaxel-based group. In early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, baseline severe obesity was significantly linked to worse DFS and OS, and a BMI loss over 10% from baseline to post-adjuvant chemotherapy also negatively affected OS. Moreover, the prognostic role of BMI might differ between docetaxel-based and non-docetaxel-based groups.

Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Percentage of Body Fat Among Gifted Students

The body mass index, more commonly known as Body Mass Index (BMI), is a formula for evaluating body weight related to the height of an individual. BMI is also known as an indirect measurement of body composition that can be classified into four categories: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The determination of BMI is based on the amount of fat found in the body weight and height of an individual. Meanwhile, body composition includes fat mass and fat-free mass. Most people think that the BMI measurement also determines the fat mass contained in their bodies. However, this is not accurate. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between BMI and the percentage of body fat contained in the bodies of school-age teenagers. An analytical study was conducted on 88 male and female students who were 15 years old. Their body weight was measured using a scale whereas their body height was measured using a height measuring device. Meanwhile, their body fat percentage and BMI were measured using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) tool, i.e., the Omron-branded "Karada Scan Body Composition Monitor". The data obtained were analysed using the Pearson correlation test. The mean BMI value for male students was 20.19 kg and female students was 21.02 kg. The mean body fat percentage of male students was 10.83% and female students was 21.90%. The correlation between the male and female students’ BMI and their percentage of body fat showed a significant relationship, that is, male students by (r=0.683) and female students by (r=0.607). Hence, based on the analysis of the study, there was a significant relationship or a very high percentage between BMI and body fat percentage of the male and female students of Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Association between body mass index and hemoglobin A1c with serum prostate-specific antigen level: A retrospective cohort study.

To assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. A retrospective cohort study was carried out at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2016 to December 2021. Data were collected from the medical records of patients who visited the family medicine clinics, including demographics, smoking status, BMI value, index PSA level, testosterone level, digital rectal exam findings, prostate biopsy status, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, diabetes duration, chronic comorbidities (namely, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or chronic kidney disease), and medication history. The mean PSA level was 1.89±4.02 ng/dL and mean HbA1c was 6.59±2.69%. Of the participants, 41.8% were overweight, 54.3% were non-diabetics, and 85.3% were nonsmokers. Only 11 (1.6%) participants had undergone a prostate biopsy after taking a PSA test. There was a positive correlation between PSA level and age, a negative correlation between PSA level and BMI, and no correlation between PSA level and HbA1c or FBG. Prostate-specific antigen levels were higher in older people and those with low BMIs. No correlations were found between PSA levels and HbA1c or FBG, even after adjusting for other variables. Moreover, no correlations were found between PSA levels and other comorbidities such as dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension.

The effects of obesity on longitudinal ventricular and atrial strain in a rural population of Spanish children and adolescents, evaluated by a new strain software.

Research on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and strain values in children and adolescents is limited. Our aim was to analyse the relationship between BMI and strain values of both ventricles and left atrium in children and adolescents. Both ventricles and left atrial strain values were compared among different BMI categories in children and adolescents from a town in the South of Spain. Of the 198 subjects, aged 6-17 years, 53% were of normal weight, 26% were overweight and 21% had obesity. Lower absolute values of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (25.9 ± 2.0% vs. 26.9 ± 2.2%, p = 0.002) and right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (29.5 ± 4.2% vs. 30.8 ± 4.5%, p = 0.04) were found in subjects with obesity and overweight versus subjects with normal weight. A lower right ventricular four-chamber longitudinal strain was also observed in males with obesity and overweight (24.8 ± 3.3% vs. 26.4 ± 3.6%, p = 0.03). Statistically significant negative correlations of BMI were found for all ventricular, but not atrial, strain values in univariate analysis. This association turned non-significant for right ventricular four-chamber longitudinal strain in multivariate analysis. Utilizing this new strain software, children and adolescents with high BMI were associated with significantly lower values for left and right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain, without impact in left atrial strain.

Obesity in HFpEF with and without diabetes - Risk factor or innocent bystander?

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a condition that commonly coexists with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Whether the obesity-related survival benefit generally observed in HFpEF extends to individuals with concomitant T2DM is unclear. This study sought to examine the prognostic role of overweight and obesity in a large cohort of HFpEF with and without T2DM. This large-scale cohort study included patients with HFpEF enrolled between 2010 and 2020. The relationship between body mass index (BMI), T2DM and survival was assessed. 6,744 individuals with HFpEF were included, of which 1,702 (25%) had T2DM. Patients with T2DM had higher BMI values (29.4kg/m2 vs. 27.1kg/m2, p<0.001), higher NT-proBNP values (864mg/dl vs. 724mg/dl, p<0.001) and a higher prevalence of numerous risk factors/comorbidities than those without T2DM. During a median follow-up time of 47 months (Q1-Q3: 20-80), 2014 (30%) patients died. Patients with T2DM had a higher incidence of fatal events compared to those without T2DM, with a mortality rate of 39.2% and 26.7% respectively (p<0.001). In the overall cohort, using the BMI category 22.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 as the reference group, the unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause death was increased in patients with BMI <22.5kg/m2 (HR: 1.27 [CI 1.09-1.48], p=0.003) and decreased in BMI categories ≥25kg/m2. After multivariate adjustment, BMI remained significantly inversely associated with survival in non-T2DM, whereas survival was unaltered at a wide range of BMI in patients with T2DM. Among the various phenotypes of HFpEF, the T2DM phenotype is specifically associated with greater disease burden. Higher BMI is linked to improved survival in HFpEF overall, while this effect neutralises in patients with concomitant T2DM. Advising BMI-based weight targets and weight loss may be pursued with different intensity in the management of HFpEF, particularly in the presence of T2DM.

The association of body mass index and its interaction with family history of dyslipidemia towards dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, China.

This study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidemia and to explore the interaction between BMI and family history of dyslipidemia towards dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and November 2018 in Zhejiang Province, China. A total of 1,756 patients with type 2 diabetes were included, physical examination data, fasting blood samples and face-to-face questionnaire survey data were collected. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to evaluate the association between BMI and the risk of dyslipidemia. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the interaction between BMI and family history of dyslipidemia towards dyslipidemia. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 53.7% in the study population. The risk of dyslipidemia elevated with increased BMI value (p for non-linearity <0.05). After adjusting for covariates, individuals with high BMI (≥24 kg/m2) and a family history of dyslipidemia had a 4.50-fold (95% CI: 2.99-6.78) increased risk of dyslipidemia compared to the normal reference group, which was higher than the risk associated with high BMI alone (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.47-2.28) or family history of dyslipidemia alone (OR = 1.79 95% CI: 1.14-2.83). Significant additive interaction between high BMI and a family history of dyslipidemia was detected, with RERI, AP, and SI values of 1.88 (95% CI: 0.17-4.10), 0.42 (95% CI: 0.02-0.62), and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.07-4.37), respectively. However, stratified by status of diabetes control, this additive interaction was only find significant among patients with controlled diabetes. Both high BMI and a family history of dyslipidemia were related with high risk of dyslipidemia. Moreover, there were synergistic interaction between these two factors. Patients with type 2 diabetes who had a family history of dyslipidemia were more susceptible to the negative impact of being overweight or obesity on dyslipidemia.

Effect of body mass index on progressive bone mineral density in patients with cleft after secondary alveolar bone grafting

BackgroundAlthough childhood obesity matters, the association between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) progression in grafted tissue after secondary alveolar bone grafting (ABG) for children with cleft alveolus is scarcely studied. Accordingly, this study explored the influence of BMI on BMD progression after ABG. MethodsIn total, 39 patients with cleft alveolus receiving ABG at the mixed dentition stage were enrolled. Patients were classified as underweight, normal weight, or overweight or obese according to age- and sex-adjusted BMI. BMD was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) from cone-beam computed tomography scans obtained 6 months (T1) and 2 years (T2) postoperatively. Adjusted BMD (HUgrafted tissue/HUpogonion, BMDa) was used for further analysis. ResultsFor underweight, normal-weight, and overweight or obese patients, BMDaT1 values were 72.87%, 91.85%, and 92.89%, respectively (p = 0.727); BMDaT2 values were 111.49%, 112.57%, and 113.10% (p = 0.828); and density enhancement rates were 29.24%, 24.61%, and 22.14% (p = 0.936). No significant correlation was observed between BMI and BMDaT1, BMDaT2, or density enhancement rates (p = 0.223, 0.156, and 0.972, respectively). For patients with BMI < 17 and ≥ 17 kg/m2, BMDaT1 values were 89.80% and 92.89%, respectively (p = 0.496); BMDaT2 values were 111.49% and 113.10% (p = 0.216); and density enhancement rates were 23.06% and 26.39% (p = 0.573). ConclusionPatients with different BMI values had similar outcomes (BMDaT1, BMDaT2, or density enhancement rate) after our ABG procedure in the 2-year postoperative follow-up.

Association of Body Mass Index with Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Levels among 3227 Chinese Children Aged 2–18 Years

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels are affected by nutritional status, yet there is limited research exploring the association between body mass index (BMI) and IGF-1 levels among children. This cross-sectional study included 3227 children aged 2-18 years without specific diseases, whose height, weight, and pubertal stages were measured and assessed by pediatricians. BMI standard deviation scores (BMISDS) were used to categorize children as underweight (BMISDS < -2); normal-weight (-2 ≤ BMISDS ≤ 1); overweight (1 < BMISDS ≤ 2); and obese (BMISDS > 2). Children were divided into low-level (<-0.67 SD) and nonlow-level (≥-0.67 SD) groups based on IGF-1 standard deviation scores (IGF-1SDS). The association between IGF-1 and BMI as categorical and continuous variables was explored by Binary logistic regression, the restrictive cubic spline model, and the generalized additive model. Models were adjusted by height and pubertal development. Recursive algorithm and multivariate piecewise linear regression were further utilized to assess the threshold of the smooth curve. IGF-1 levels varied by BMI categories, with the highest levels observed in the overweight group. The proportion of low IGF-1 levels in underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups was 32.1%, 14.2%, 8.4%, and 6.5%, respectively. The risk odds of low IGF-1 levels in underweight children were 2.86-, 2.20-, and 2.25-fold higher than in children with normal weight before adjustment, after adjustment for height, and after adjustment for height and puberty, respectively. When analyzing the association between BMI and low IGF-1 levels, dose-response analysis demonstrated an inverted J-shaped relationship between BMISDS and low IGF-1 levels. Lower or higher BMISDS increased the odds of low IGF-1 levels, and significance was retained in underweight children but not in obese children. When BMI and IGF-1 levels were used as continuous variables, the relationship between the BMISDS and IGF-1SDS followed a nonlinear inverted U shape. IGF-1SDS increased with the increase of BMISDS (β = 0.174, 95% CI: 0.141 to 0.208, p < 0.01) when BMISDS was less than 1.71 standard deviation (SD) and decreased with the increase of BMISDS (β = -0.358, 95% CI: -0.474 to -0.241, p < 0.01) when BMISDS was greater than 1.71 SD. The relationship between BMI and IGF-1 levels was found to depend on the type of variable, and extremely low or high BMI values could result in a tendency toward low IGF-1 levels, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a normal BMI range for normal IGF-1 levels.

[Link beetween body mass index and semen parameters, a retrospective study from January 2015 to September 2021].

Male and female infertility has become a worldwide public health problem. The global obesity epidemic has paralleled a decrease in semen quality. Yet, the association between body mass index (BMI) and sperm parameters remains controversial. The objective of this study is to determine the link between body mass index and seminal parameters. We made an observational study and retrospective analysis. Men who made semen analysis during the period of January 2015 to September 2021 in Reims University Hospital, were included. A total of 1655 patients were recruited and separated into five groups according to BMI values. Second- and third-degree obesity had a significantly higher risk of having a pathological sperm count (p: 0,0038). Second- and Third-degree obesity was associated with a pathologic vitality (p: 0,012). No significant differences existed between sperm mobility and body mass index. Regarding low body mass index, a significant difference exists on the sperm morphology (p: 0,013). Sperm morphology is also impacted in overweight and obesity groups. The information of the couples on weight is necessary to improve sperm parameters, spontaneous pregnancies and efficacity of assisted reproductive technic.

The Correlation Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Hemodialysis Adequacy in Hemodialysis Patients

Hemodialysis is the most common renal replacement therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease and has a dose that must be achieved, known as hemodialysis adequacy. In fact, many hemodialysis patients do not reach the hemodialysis adequacy target. There are three main factors affecting hemodialysis adequacy: the solute, the patient, and the dialysis process. Patient factors are important because these factors can be modified, intervened, and anticipated by nurses. One of the interesting patient factors to study is the Body Mass Index (BMI). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between BMI and hemodialysis adequacy. This research was conducted in November 2021. This study used a cross-sectional design with a consecutive sampling technique and comprised of 84 samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were collected by using recording data from the medical records of hemodialysis patients. BMI using post-hemodialysis weight parameters and hemodialysis adequacy were assessed by looking at the Kt/V score. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between BMI and hemodialysis adequacy (p=0.001) with moderate strength and negative pattern (r=-0.362); this means that the greater the BMI value, the less hemodialysis adequacy. The results indicated that maintaining a normal BMI can increase hemodialysis adequacy in patients. This can prevent complications, improve quality of life, reduce treatment costs, and reduce the frequency of hospitalization.&#x0D; Keywords: hemodialysis adequacy, body mass index, chronic kidney disease

Нелинейная зависимость показателей моторного развития от ИМТ у мальчиков-школьников 7–12 лет

Introduction. Childhood and adolescent obesity are associated with impairment of motor skills. However, studies assessing effect of underweight on motor skills as well as the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and motor skills are limited. The purpose of the study was to evaluate relationship between motor skills and BMI in the group of school-aged boys (7–12 years). Material and methods. The data were collected from 7–12-year-old boys (1–5th grade) in the 38 Russia's federal constituent entities of eight federal districts. Height and weight were measured, BMI was calculated. Physical education teachers conducted the testing: endurance 6-minute run test (meters), 3x10 m shuttle run test (seconds), long standing jump (centimeters), forward bend test (centimeters), and 30-m sprint run test (seconds). The dataset contained 54 381 observations. The linear, quadratic and general additive models were built to check relationships between the motor skills and BMI. Results. It was identified that high values of BMI are associated with impaired results of endurance and speed-strength abilities. Male children with a low and normal BMI values did not differ in motor skills. Despite a low level of explained variation of proportion of motor skills, a significant relationship between of motor development and BMI are noted. In the group of 7-year-old male children, the relationship was not identified. Whereas in the group of 8–12-year-old children it has a curvilinear relationship. Conclusion. The relationship between motor skills and BMI is curvilinear (quadratic) in the group of 8–12-year-old boys. Hereafter, the modeling of non-linear relationship between motor development and BMI with other predictors might help identifying the optimum zone of body composition where the adaptation potential will be the highest. It is also allowed to compare this zone in the groups of different ages and sexes.

Perceived impact of quarantine period on food craving, power of food, and the Mediterranean Diet: The dark side of pandemic fear

This study was carried out to determine the effect of fear the pandemic on excessive food cravings, the strength of food and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in adults during the quarantine period. Data were collected on a total of 1117 adults, 870 women and 247 men, aged between 19 and 65 years, using a document to obtain general information, as well as employing anthropometric measurements and questions about health information. The Food Craving Scale (FCQ), the Power of Food Scale (PFS), the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS), the COVID-19 Fear Scale, and the Perception and Attitude About COVID-19 Scale were also adopted in the survey. Fear of COVID-19 score (F = 20.17 ± 5.52, M = 17.46 ± 5.79) and Perception and Attitude about COVID-19 scores were higher in females (169.55 ± 15.86) than in males (165.02 ± 16.51) (p < 0.001). A significant positive relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) with Food Craving (r = 0.182, p < 0.001), Power of Food (r = 0.083, p = 0.005), and COVID-19 Perception of Control (r = 0.074, p = 0.013) was detected. Mediterranean Diet Adherence showed a considerable positive correlation with age (r = 0.070, p = 0.020). Whilst BMI (β = 0.315) value affects excessive food cravings most, this value is identified by fear of COVID-19 (β = 0.174), an education level (β = 0.063), gender (β = −0.145) and age (β = −0.171) respectively. The quarantine period, which has various consequences vis-à-vis both social and economic aspects, also has a great impact on human health. That said, social isolation and distance cause sudden changes in the lives of individuals during the pandemic. In order to keep public health at the highest level in such cases, prospective studies are called for not only in the field of medicine and biological sciences but also on social and behavioral issues such as nutritional habits and lifestyle.

Increased Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT), Left Coronary Artery Plaque Morphology, and Valvular Atherosclerosis as Risks Factors for Sudden Cardiac Death from a Forensic Perspective.

Background: In sudden cardiac deaths (SCD), visceral adipose tissue has begun to manifest interest as a standalone cardiovascular risk factor. Studies have shown that epicardial adipose tissue can be seen as a viable marker of coronary atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate, from a forensic perspective, the correlation between body mass index (BMI), heart weight, coronary and valvular atherosclerosis, left ventricular morphology, and the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in sudden cardiac deaths, establishing an increased thickness of EAT as a novel risk factor. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control descriptive study that included 80 deaths that were autopsied, 40 sudden cardiac deaths, and 40 control cases who hanged themselves and had unknown pathologies prior to their death. In all the autopsies performed, the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue was measured in two regions of the left coronary artery, and the left ventricular morphology, macro/microscopically quantified coronary and valvular atherosclerosis, and weight of the heart were evaluated. Results: This study revealed a higher age in the SCD group (58.82 ± 9.67 vs. 53.4 ± 13.00; p = 0.03), as well as a higher incidence in females (p = 0.03). In terms of heart and coronary artery characteristics, there were higher values of BMI (p = 0.0009), heart weight (p &lt; 0.0001), EAT of the left circumflex artery (LCx) (p &lt; 0.0001), and EAT of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (p &lt; 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, a high baseline value of BMI (OR: 4.05; p = 0.004), heart weight (OR: 5.47; p &lt; 0.001), EAT LCx (OR: 23.72; p &lt; 0.001), and EAT LAD (OR: 21.07; p &lt; 0.001) were strong independent predictors of SCD. Moreover, age over 55 years (OR: 2.53; p = 0.045), type Vb plaque (OR: 17.19; p &lt; 0.001), mild valvular atherosclerosis (OR: 4.88; p = 0.002), and moderate left ventricle dilatation (OR: 16.71; p = 0.008) all act as predictors of SCD. Conclusions: The data of this research revealed that higher baseline values of BMI, heart weight, EAT LCx, and EAT LAD highly predict SCD. Furthermore, age above 55 years, type Vb plaque, mild valvular atherosclerosis, and left ventricle dilatation were all risk factors for SCD.

[Association between weight status and motor competence in schoolchildren from Chilean Patagonia].

the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the child population is a global public health problem, with measures such as the promotion of physical activity being necessary. One of the recognized factors for this is the development of motor competence, due to its dynamic interaction with physical activity, so it is necessary to understand its relationship with weight status. the aims of this study are to determine whether there are differences in the levels of motor competence of schoolchildren in Chilean Patagonia according to their nutritional status, as well as to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and the levels of motor competence in these schoolchildren. we evaluated 295 boys and girls in 5th and 6th grade of primary school, from educational centres in Coyhaique and Punta Arenas. We used the MOBAK 5-6 test to assess their motor competence. schoolchildren with normal weight status presented higher values of motor competence in self-movement (M = 3.1; SD = 1.84) compared to overweight (M = 2.7; SD = 1.68) and obese schoolchildren (M = 1.7; SD = 1.57), presenting significant differences between all groups (p < 0.001). In object control, no differences were found between the groups. In addition, there was an inverse association of object control with gender (β: 1.49; p < 0.001) and BMI (β: -0.05; p = 0.026), while self-movement had an inverse association with BMI (β: -0.11; 95 % CI: -0.15 -0.07; p < 0.001). weight status and motor competence are associated. Schoolchildren with higher BMI values tend to perform lower in self-movement. These results underline the importance of addressing motor competence in efforts to combat overweight and obesity in children.

The relationship between body mass index, anthropometric measurements and GRACE risk score in acute coronary syndrome

PurposeThis study aims to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to evaluate the results in this context.Design/methodology/approachThis was a prospective cohort study of ACS patients admitted to a cardiac care unit in high specialization hospital's cardiology service. The study included 140 men aged >35 years who were diagnosed with ACS.FindingsThe mean age of the individuals participating in the study was 61.4 ± 10.9 years old. The mean BMI of the individuals was 25.3 ± 6.6 kg/m2, and the mean value of the waist/hip ratio was 0.85 ± 0.01. Individuals were divided into four quarters according to the GRACE score. It was determined that individuals with the highest GRACE score were very underweight or morbidly obese according to their BMI values (p = 0.04).Originality/valueIt has been observed that there is a U-shaped relationship between the GRACE score and the BMI in individuals diagnosed with ACS. The risk of death of ACS patients with very high or very low BMI values was found to be close to each other. Although there is a relationship between BMI and GRACE score, it is concluded that it is insufficient to determine the risk in coronary disease alone, and body fat distribution should be examined together with BMI.

The Association between Body Mass Index and Muscular Fitness in Chinese College Freshmen.

(1) Background: The present study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and muscular fitness in Chinese college freshmen. (2) Methods: A total of 6425 college freshmen in mainland China were recruited. BMI was classified as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5~23.9 kg/m2), overweight (24~27.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥28 kg/m2), according to the Working Group on Obesity in China. Health-related physical fitness components including cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body explosive power, upper body muscular endurance, abdominal muscular endurance, flexibility, and vital capacity were assessed. Physical fitness index and muscular fitness index were calculated, respectively, as the sum score of the standardized values (z-score) of the corresponding components. Three regression models were used to evaluate the potential associations: a linear regression model, a polynomial regression model, and a restricted cubic spline regression model. Adjust R square was used to compare among models. (3) Results: Significant differences were observed among different BMI categories in nearly all physical fitness components as well as physical fitness z-score and muscular fitness z-score (p < 0.001), regardless of gender. Significant linear associations were found between BMI and physical fitness z-score as well as muscular fitness z-score among total, male, and female groups (p < 0.05). However, the restricted cubic spline regression model showed a better fitting effect (adjust R2 was 7.9%, 11.2%, and 4.8% in total, male, and female for physical fitness and 7.7%, 15.7%, and 4.0%, for muscular fitness, respectively), compared with the linear and polynomial regression models, presented by a higher adjusted R2. Restricted cubic splines analysis showed that BMI value and physical fitness z-score showed a non-linear relationship with an approximate inverted U curve in all groups, while an approximate reversed J-shaped association was observed between BMI and muscular fitness z-score in all groups. (4) Conclusions: The present study showed a nonlinear negative relationship between BMI and physical fitness with underweight and overweight/obese college freshmen having poorer physical fitness and muscular fitness than their normal BMI peers, which may provide useful evidence to the development of public health recommendations and encourage the health management of young adults. Future studies should further explore the relationship between BMI and muscular fitness with multi-centered large sample size studies.

The perceived role of food and eating among turkish women with obesity: A qualitative analysis.

The studies show the link between Body Mass Index (BMI) and higher food responsiveness despite negative physical, social, and psychological outcomes. The descriptive studies examining what makes individuals with higher BMI values more likely to respond to food are limited, while there is none in the Turkish sample. This study aims to understand the subjective relationship of women with obesity/overweight related to food in Turkish culture. Turkish adult women (aged 22–54) who have BMI higher than 25 (overweight/obesity) participated in semi-structured interviews focusing on how they relate to food and obesity. Participants were reached through Ankara Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Obesity outpatient service. Audio-recorded interviews were analyzed predominantly inductively by thematic analysis principles. Analysis of these interviews reflected three main themes: (1) the act of eating: “I don’t know why I eat when I’m full”, (2) being overweight: “I am the kind of person who constantly tries to lose weight”, and (3) sources of distress. The results indicated the dynamic relationship between the desire to eat, chronic stress, perceived unavailability of close ones, and low sense of self-worth among adult women with obesity/overweight. The other indication is the effect of culture in shaping the relationship dynamics, the sources of distress, and the eating patterns in developing and maintaining obesity.